Q1. (a) 2-methylbutane; (b) cis-2-butene; (c) propanoic acid.
Q2. (a) Aldehyde — propanal; (b) Ketone — propanone; (c) Primary amine — ethanamine.
Q3. Benzene.
Q4. n-pentane; 2-methylbutane; 2,2-dimethylpropane.
Q5. 2-bromo-2-methylpropane (Br on more substituted C; via tertiary carbocation).
Q6. Propan-1-ol (alcohol); methoxyethane (ether).
Q7. 3 CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CH₃ + Cr₂O₇²⁻ + 8H⁺ → 3 CH₃COCH₂CH₃ + 2 Cr³⁺ + 7 H₂O. Product: butan-2-one.
Q8. Addition: alkene → polyethylene (no by-product). Condensation: diol+diacid → polyester (releases H₂O).
Q9. Ethanol H-bonds via O–H; dimethyl ether cannot. H-bonding raises b.p.
Q10. C bonded to 4 different groups. Butan-2-ol's C2.
Q11. CH₃COOH + C₂H₅OH ⇌(H₂SO₄) CH₃COOC₂H₅ + H₂O.
Q12. n CH₂=CH₂ → –(CH₂CH₂)n–. Flexible, durable, low density. Persistent waste; mitigate via recycling and bioplastics.
Q13. Ester likely hydrolyzes first under H⁺/H₂O; amide more stable but slowly hydrolyzed; carboxylic acid protonated; amine protonated.