A.1 — Lab Safety, WHMIS & Measurement
Hazard symbols, electrical/optical/sound safety, SI units, significant digits, uncertainty
A.2 — Scientific Method & Experimental Design
Hypotheses, variables (IV/DV/CV), controlled trials, sample size, replication
A.3 — Data Analysis & Graph Linearisation
Plotting, slope/intercept interpretation, linearising quadratics, percent error
A.4 — Lab Reports & Scientific Communication
Structure (purpose, hypothesis, procedure, data, analysis, conclusion); citation
A.5 — STSE & Career Exploration in Physics
Engineering, skilled trades, medical imaging, audiology, energy industry, climate science
1.1 — Position, Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration
Scalars vs. vectors, instantaneous vs. average, sign conventions in 1-D
1.2 — Motion Graphs & Kinematic Equations
Slopes, areas, the five kinematic equations of uniformly accelerated motion
1.3 — Free Fall & Acceleration Due to Gravity
\( g = 9.8 \) m/s²; sign of \( g \); experimental determination using ticker timer or photogates
1.4 — Vectors & 2-D Motion
Vector addition (graphical, component method), trigonometry review
1.5 — Projectile Motion & Relative Velocity
Independence of horizontal and vertical motion; range, time of flight, max height; river-crossing & aircraft-in-wind problems
2.1 — Forces & Free-Body Diagrams
Identifying forces (gravity, normal, friction, tension, applied), drawing accurate FBDs
2.2 — Newton's First & Second Laws
Inertia, equilibrium, \( \Sigma F = ma \) in 1-D and 2-D
2.3 — Newton's Third Law
Action-reaction pairs, identifying paired forces, walking, recoil, rocket propulsion
2.4 — Friction (Static & Kinetic)
\( f_s \le \mu_s N \), \( f_k = \mu_k N \), starting vs. sliding, rolling resistance
2.5 — Inclined Planes & Connected Bodies (Atwood)
Resolving gravity into components, multi-body systems with pulleys
2.6 — Circular Motion Introduction (SPH4U Bridge)
Centripetal acceleration \( a_c = v^2/r \), centripetal force, banked curves — preview of SPH4U dynamics
🌉 Bridge content: Builds the conceptual foundation that SPH4U expands into orbits and gravitation.
3.1 — Work, Power & Kinetic Energy
\( W = Fd\cos\theta \), \( E_k = \tfrac{1}{2}mv^2 \), \( P = W/t \), the work-energy theorem
3.2 — Gravitational Potential Energy & Conservation
\( E_g = mgh \), conservation of mechanical energy in systems with no friction
3.3 — Heat, Thermal Energy & Calorimetry
\( Q = mc\Delta T \), specific heat capacity, principle of heat exchange, latent heat (qualitative)
3.4 — Efficiency & Energy Sources (STSE)
Energy efficiency \( \eta \); fossil, nuclear, hydro, wind, solar, geothermal; Ontario's energy mix
4.1 — Wave Properties & the Wave Equation
Transverse vs. longitudinal, amplitude, wavelength, frequency, period, \( v = f\lambda \)
4.2 — Sound Waves & the Speed of Sound
\( v_\text{sound} = 331 + 0.6 T_C \) m/s, intensity, decibel scale, hearing range
4.3 — Interference, Resonance & Standing Waves
Constructive/destructive interference, harmonics on strings (\( f_n = nv/(2L) \)) and in pipes
4.4 — The Doppler Effect & Applications
Source/observer motion, ultrasound imaging, sonar, weather radar
5.1 — Electric Charge & Static Electricity
Coulomb (qualitative), conductors vs. insulators, charging by friction, induction, contact
5.2 — Current, Voltage, Resistance & Ohm's Law
\( I = Q/t \), \( V = IR \), measuring with ammeter (series) and voltmeter (parallel)
5.3 — Series & Parallel Circuits
\( R_T \) for series and parallel; \( I, V \) splitting rules; mixed networks
5.4 — Magnetism & Electromagnetism
Magnetic fields, right-hand rules, force on a current-carrying conductor
5.5 — Motors, Generators & Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday's law (qualitative), simple DC motor, AC generator, transformers (intro)